Statistics in ELT Research: Descriptive, Correlation, and Comparative Analysis

Statistics in ELT Research: Descriptive, Correlation, and Comparative Analysis is a handbook that introduces statistics in a clear, accessible, and application-based way, helping students understand not only statistical concepts but also how to use them in real research contexts. Rather than presenting statistics as an abstract or overly mathematical subject, this book explains it through common types of research in ELT research, including descriptive, correlational, and comparative studies.

Each chapter provides step-by-step guidance, practical examples, worked cases, exercises, and instructions for using SPSS, with additional support through manual formulas and Excel-based calculation where relevant. The book covers essential topics such as descriptive statistics, assumption testing, correlation, t-tests, one-way ANOVA, and N-gain analysis. This handbook is intended to support students in coursework, mini research projects, and thesis writing by making statistics more understandable, practical, and relevant to ELT research.